Before April 27, the nucleus in Turkey controlling the center was composed of the military, the civilian bureaucracy, the judiciary, the universities and major capital. However, major capital almost broke off the center and felt the need to revise its role as an element within the nucleus because of April 27. There were four reasons for this.
1) Turkey has been involved in globalization. It the country had been made to perceive globalization earlier than other countries. Since the realization of the principle of statism in 1929, the state in Turkey had been creating its own “rich.” Development and modernization were based on the state's principle of creating a rich and modern class. This theory belongs to Ziya Gökalp. It was concluded at İzmir Economy Congress held in 1923 that “since there is not a bourgeoisie class in Turkey, the state has to create a bourgeoisie class from itself.” After the state created a wealthy class, it gave it missions. The first was that it would undertake development and the second was that it would represent a western and modern lifestyle and set an example for the ignorant public. Yet when the 21st century arrived and Turkey became completely involved in globalization process, major capital understood that doing business with the state was not profitable for them. One of the reasons for this was that the state was only able to meet its public expenditures. Furthermore, the biggest deficit appears in public expenditures. Another reason is the imposition of globalization and privatization and the fact that the State Economic Enterprises [KİT] cannot be made profitable. If a state institution earns TL 7 trillion every year it has a deficit of TL 5 trillion every year.
2) The state is not investing in accordance with International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies. Therefore major capital cannot profit since it gets nothing from the state.
3) The former US Attorney General, Janet Reno, referring to bank embezzlers in Turkey, said at the beginning of 2000, “We will not let these bank embezzlers bribe the taxes we collected from US citizens.” So, it was necessary to put an end to embezzling in Turkey, which is on the way to being integrated global economy.
So, major capital started to see its future in global capital rather than in the nucleus/state. Although it has not found the power to stand on its own feet or the courage to compete without the support of the state yet, major capital thinks that it is more rational for it to take its place among global capital.
In this way, it had concerns about April 27 e-memorandum and approved of, even celebrated, the presidency of Abdullah Gül. Their statements following April 27 saying democracy should not be damaged should also be evaluated from this perspective. To speak using the concepts of Antonio Gramsci, a slight crack took place in the “historic block.” Maybe, for the first time in the history of Turkey, major capital represented by the Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen's Association (TÜSİAD) showed the courage to be on the side of democracy and civilian politics openly. But it is not easy to get rid of past habits immediately. The nucleus in the center wants to consume without producing because an ideology that has remained since the first half of the 20th century maintains the single-party period tradition and has hard time understanding the world. It also has a problem complying with the spirit of the time.
As everyone can observe, a postmodern political culture has come and broken modernity's classical political culture. Conforming to this and taking a cultural and political position in accordance with this situation requires strong intellectual resources. Secondly, globalization does not only come as a carrier, but also as a commander. That is, once you are integrated into the global economy, billions of dollars enter your domestic market. In case of a little shake in the environment of trust, capital becomes scared and looks for ways to escape. For example, during the 2001 economic crisis, $7 billion was withdrawn from the market and a huge crisis occurred. The bad situation of major capital in Turkey is that it both wants to be integrated with global capital and cannot dare to break away from the state and become autonomous. It is also challenged by Anatolian capital.
